New DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR joins DuPont™ Tyvek® FireCurb® to create an advanced solution that exceeds regulations
DuPont has been a pioneer in fire safety for over 50 years and introduced its Tyvek® FireCurb® breather membrane for buildings in 2013. As regulations catch up post Grenfell – and as most fires begin inside buildings – DuPont has since developed an airtight vapour control layer in its high performance AirGuard® range, to offer similarly advanced, non-toxic, fire-resistance with proven efficacy.
Now developers, designers and control officers can have confidence in a complete membrane and tape solution for durably enhanced fire safety in both the exterior and interior fabric of a building. While Tyvek® FireCurb® forms a weather-protective, vapour-open lining behind ventilated facades, new DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR AVCL offers energy-saving, moisture management, improved interior air quality and climatic comfort, together with its added fire-retardant function.
Tyvek® FireCurb® utilises DuPont’s patented self-extinguishing technology. Its halogen-free coating limits the propagation of flames and the formation of droplets, while also minimising smoke. DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR is truly fire-retardant and independently rated as Class A2. Along with Tyvek® 2060M Metallised Tape, DuPont now offers a complete A2 classified membrane and sealing system that surpasses existing regulations.
Correct installation is crucial, nonetheless. In addition to airtightness and vapour control, properly taped systems also help to reduce smoke penetration, a primary cause of casualties in a fire. DuPont also offers comprehensive guidance and support to ensure its products perform as designed. Suitable for application in any type of building, these robust products offer not only reliable performance, easy installation and full regulatory compliance, but a vital investment in greater safety and peace of mind – both during and after installation.
For more information about DuPont™ Tyvek® and AirGuard® or technical advice, please contact the DuPont™ Tyvek® Building Knowledge Centre in Bristol, UK. Email: Tyvek.construction@dupont.com or telephone 0117 970 9454/9455.
DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR enhances the building fabric in terms of airtightness, energy efficiency and moisture management, improving indoor air quality and providing exceptional fire safety to the building and its occupants.
DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR
Surpassing the Fire Regulations
Today the fire performance of materials used in buildings is under closer scrutiny than ever before and the regulations continue to be updated. DuPont has introduced a step change in their building membranes offering: a fire retardant AVCL with European Fire Classification A2.
Membrane & Tape System – Independent Classification: A2-s1,d0
For DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR AVCL to provide effective airtightness and vapour control it is crucial that all laps, junctions and penetrations are sealed. In order to give assurance that a complete system is ‘fire-safe,’ a full system test, including horizontal lap sealing with Tyvek® 2060M Tape has been successfully tested according EN 13501-1 at the Prüfinstitut Hoch -> Classification Report, KB-Hoch-200148, 4th March 2020.
Features & benefits
Feature
Benefit
Fire Classification surpasses all national building regulations and standards for construction materials used in walls in the UK and Ireland
· Fire-retardant
· Suitable for all building types, heights and proximities
Tested and classified for free-span, on mineral wool slab, gypsum plasterboard or fibre cement board
· Suitable for all building types, heights and proximities
· Suitable for high humidity buildings, such as swimming pool halls etc
Exceptional tear and tensile strength characteristics
New DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR joins DuPont™ Tyvek® FireCurb® Housewrap to create an advanced solution that exceeds regulations
Safety is a core value at DuPont. Innovative solutions and materials specifically addressing fire safety have been developed by DuPont for over 50 years. In the construction industry, DuPont™ Tyvek® is a pioneer when it comes to fire safety in building membranes, introducing its Tyvek® FireCurb® Housewrap breather membrane in 2013.
As building regulations rapidly and appropriately catch up since the Grenfell tragedy in London – and as most fires begin inside buildings – DuPont has also been working hard to develop an airtight and vapour control layer for the internal walls and ceilings in its high performance AirGuard® range to offer similarly advanced, non-toxic, fire-resistance with proven efficacy.
Now architects, developers, planners and building control officers can have confidence in a complete membrane and tape solution for durably enhanced fire safety, in both the exterior and the interior fabric of a building. While Tyvek® FireCurb® Housewrap forms a weather-protective, vapour-open lining behind ventilated facades, new DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR AVCL brings benefits for energy-saving, moisture management, air quality and climatic comfort to the building interior, together with its added fire-retardant function.
Tyvek® FireCurb® Housewrap utilises DuPont patented self-extinguishing technology, as when flames meet the membrane they stop, die down and then go out. The halogen-free coating limits the propagation of flames and the formation of droplets, reduces smoke and makes a very limited contribution to any fire.
DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR airtight and vapour control layer (AVCL) is truly fire-retardant and has been independently classified with a Class A2 rating. Along with Tyvek® 2060M Metallised Tape, DuPont now offers a complete membrane and sealing tape system with certified A2 classification. These products provide exceptional fire safety that even surpasses existing regulations.
However, as with all systems – be they intended for fire safety or airtightness – correct installation and the sealing of all laps, junctions and penetrations is crucial. In addition to airtightness and vapour control, properly taped systems also help to reduce smoke penetration, which tends to be responsible for more casualties than the flames themselves.
In order to give assurance that such a complete system is ‘fire-safe’, a full test that includes the sealing tape has recently been conducted to EN 13501 at the Prufinstitut Hoch (Classification Report, KB-Hoch-200148, 4th March 2020.) DuPont also offers clear and comprehensive technical guidance and support to ensure its products perform as designed.
New DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR fire-retardant air and vapour control layer (AVCL) is designed for use within the internal wall system behind finishes such as dry-lining and is compatible with a variety of materials from mineral wool to gypsum plasterboard and cement particleboard – and is suitable for all building types, sizes and locations.
As well as offering its fire retardant properties, it maintains all the advantages inherent in the AirGuard® Reflective range in terms of thermal performance, with its low emissivity surface, 100% airtightness and W1 water tightness, together with high vapour resistance to limit interstitial condensation – and furthermore it is suitable for areas of high humidity.
Whether for application in a bungalow, a high-rise structure or a key public building, these robust membranes and their associated accessories offer not only reliable performance, easy installation and full regulatory compliance, but a vital investment in greater safety – both during and after installation. In achieving a combination of improved energy-efficiency and the protection of both people and property, the products can deliver long term peace of mind for building designers, constructors, owners and occupants alike.
About Tyvek® FireCurb® Housewrap and DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR
These ground-breaking versions of the renowned DuPont building membrane range have additional and superior flame retardant performance. Tyvek® FireCurb® Housewrap uses innovative technology to reduce the flammability of polymer based substrates to decrease the risk of fire spreading through the external and internal envelope. Rather than using halogens, the technology employs a phosphorous-containing agent that forms a ‘char’ layer at the surface when it is in contact with an ignition source. This thin layer of carbonized polymer is highly flame retardant and forms a barrier, slowing the release of flammable materials. Starved of fuel, the flame spreads over the membrane more slowly or not at all and if the membrane ultimately caught fire, it produces less smoke, another vital advantage for safety. Rigorously tested, Tyvek® FireCurb® has a fire rating of class B-s1,d0 according to EN13501-1. DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR combines a lacquered low emissivity foil, laminated to a glass fibre mesh and is classified for reaction to fire as A2-s1,d0 to EN 13501-1: 2007+A1:2009. Full system classification: DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR AVCL plus Tyvek® 2060M tape.
The new fire retardant DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR AVCL
About DuPont™ Tyvek® & DuPont Building Membranes and Products: DuPont™ Tyvek® advanced building membranes are unique in the market due to their high-quality single layer construction. Tyvek® breather membranes, in all their specialised versions, are naturally vapour open but also durably wind and water-tight. Lightweight yet robust, it is easy to install and offers long-term, proven reliability. Designed to protect the building envelope against the effects of weather and moisture, this family of membranes also offers optimal air-tightness and water holdout and can help to improve the thermal performance, energy-efficiency, interior climatic stability, and in the case of Tyvek® FireCurb® and DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR, enhanced safety.
Tyvek® is also designed to work as part of a holistic and optimal system with a range of other proven DuPont products for the building envelope, including the DuPont™ Tyvek® AirGuard® advanced AVCL series, the highly versatile Tyvek® FlexWrap air and water sealing tape, plus other specialised tapes and sealants. All DuPont building products come with the renowned service, expertise and technical back-up of a world-class science company.
About DuPont Safety & Construction
DuPont Safety & Construction is a global leader in delivering innovation for life’s essential needs in water, shelter and safety; enabling its customers to win through unique capabilities, global scale and iconic brands including Corian®, Kevlar®, Nomex®, Tyvek®, GreatStuff™ and Insta-Stik™.
About DuPont
DuPont (NYSE: DD) is a global innovation leader with technology-based materials, ingredients and solutions that help transform industries and everyday life. Our employees apply diverse science and expertise to help customers advance their best ideas and deliver essential innovations in key markets including electronics, transportation, construction, water, health and wellness, food, and worker safety. More information can be found at www.dupont.com/.
For more information about DuPont™ Tyvek® and AirGuard® or technical advice, please contact the DuPont™ Tyvek® Building Knowledge Centre in Bristol, UK. Email: Tyvek.construction@dupont.com or telephone 0117 970 9454/9455.
For Sales enquiries, contact us by phone on 0117 970 9456 or via our website’s Contact Us page www.building.dupont.co.uk
Delta’s Technical Waterproofing Consultant and Architect, Michael Vernon considers Waterproofing Design philosophies
There are many common pitfalls when it comes to designing a waterproofing system for podium decks, buried roofs, balconies and terraces. Products do not fail! When failures occur, it is due to the design and build philosophy not being correct. The devil is in the detail – all waterproofing elements must be considered at the construction design stage to be durable and effective.
The trend for outdoor living has led to a market growth in external balconies, large roof/ground floor terraces and patios. As well as adding monetary value to a property, external areas can be aesthetically pleasing, offering a wide range of colours, textures and finishes to a home.
Outside living can also help to promote health and well-being benefits as these extra useable areas for open air living, help to soften heavily urbanised locations and steadily increase the number of green and usable spaces for leisure.
Balconies, roof terraces and patios are part of a trend which is inspired by aspirational and luxury living in suburban and rural areas alike.
When specified with the correct waterproofing systems, all types of installations are possible, however the design needs careful consideration and a CSSW qualified Waterproofing Design Specialist should always be consulted at the earliest opportunity.
The primary requirement of waterproofing design is the prevention of water ingress and the management of water and water vapour movement through and out of a structure. The design ethos for waterproofing podium decks, buried roofs, balconies and terraces is identical to that used in any below ground area of a structure.
There are many different approaches to structural waterproofing. The construction methods will in part contribute to the specification of types of waterproofing systems and may also determine the overall structural waterproofing strategy.
Structural waterproofing falls into 3 categories:
Type A – Barrier Protection
Type B – Structurally Integral Protection
Type C – Drained Protection
With 3 grades:
Grade 1 – Some water seepage and damp are tolerable depending on the intended use
Grade 2 – No water penetration is acceptable
Grade 3 – No dampness or water penetration is acceptable
Successful waterproofing design lies with choosing the most appropriate combinations of structure and waterproofing system to achieve pre-determined performance levels and criteria. In order to design out risk of failure due to less than adequate workmanship, damage or defects on site it is also important to consider practicality and ease of installation, the phasing of the construction process and the scope for testing and certifying during construction.
In summary, it is the duty of the waterproofing designer to assess a variety of factors and variables simultaneously and to come to a logical and balanced decision regarding the design. Working as part of the design team and keeping abreast of changes, revisions and updates to the project is important because these could have a bearing upon the environmental, structural and other stresses that may be imposed upon the waterproofing system and adaptations may need to be made. Ensuring proper training, application expertise, certification and testing procedures on the part of the installing contractor is critical. Whether the proposed construction is warm roof, cold roof, green roof, blue roof or a combination of types the principles stated here will apply in equal measure to achieve a successful long-term outcome.
If you would like to find out about structural waterproofing, damp proofing, ground gas protection systems, flood resilience or installing a Delta System we’re happy to help. Give us a call on 01992 523 523 or email info@deltamembranes.com
Comprehensive Tyvek®& AirGuard®systems create a robust, airtight and energy-efficient building envelope… inside and out
Tyvek®has always been a star performer, but now it comes with a complete cast of supporting players to enable easy installation, robust protection and greater energy-efficiency for the building envelope – in its entirety. With a range of advanced Tyvek®Breather Membranes in specialised versions, plus smart AirGuard® air & vapour control membranes (AVCLs) – and a fully comprehensive set of tapes and accessories, DuPont™Tyvek® offers an unrivalled system of products.
Additions to the specialised adhesive range make Tyvek® the one-stop-shop for ensuring the integrity and airtightness of the building envelope, from timber frame housing to high-rise construction. With all the lasting quality and premium adhesion one would expect of the brand, many elements of this complete and compact offering are ‘universal’ products suited multiple applications, thus simplifying installation and saving on time and cost.
The Tyvek® family of products comes with expert technical support from a global knowledge network to help construction projects meet every key target – from safety to sustainability. In today’s ‘climate’ can the industry afford to take a chance on anything less?
An enhanced range of tapes & accessories:
Tyvek® & AirGuard® accessories include products to answer the challenge of any combination of membranes, any type of penetration or repair, and are suited to all kinds of building materials and conditions. There is now an airtightness system for every need or application. Tyvek® remains the product to trust for the external envelope, together with accessories, while the AirGuard® brand ensures reliable airtightness to the interior, thus completing the offering for energy-efficient systems.
*NEW* Tyvek® Double-sided Tape (Double-sided acrylic tape ideal for temporary fixings of a vapour control layer.)
*NEW* Tyvek® Plastering Tape (High performance airtight and moisture adaptive carrier tape that can be rendered. It seals difficult areas such as windows, doors and timber to block connections. A product for both interior and exterior application.)
*NEW* AirGuard® Sealant (An adhesive sealant for permanently elastic, airtight bonding of joints and structural connections, plus connections of AVCLs to many different surfaces.)
*NEW* Tyvek® Primer (Transparent primer that is permanently tacky after curing, with a very fast curing time. It is recommended for high-porosity surfaces to create good adhesion.)
*NEW* AirGuard® Tape (High performance flexible and hand-tearabletape to seal difficult areas such as corners inside the building with a very high tack)
‘Rising Stars’ include: Tyvek® FlexWrap EZ and NF (a high performance, flexible self-adhesive flashing tape for airand water tight seals around windows, doors, and multiple custom shapes or awkward penetrations.)
The Tyvek® brand has it covered – for every regulation or specification and whether for installation to the interior or exterior of the envelope. All adhesive products work as part of optimal, holistic systems.
The AirGuard® brand stands for high performance AVCLs and complementary accessories that make your building airtight from the inside.
Considering such a comprehensive and efficient offering, backed by proven reliability and expert service, why would responsible professionals choose any other system than Tyvek® and AirGuard®? Especially when every crucial box is ticked, from air and water tightness, to moisture control, durability, ease of installation… and vitally, improved energy performance in buildings.
About DuPont™ Tyvek® & DuPont Building Membranes and Products:
DuPont™Tyvek® advanced building membranes are unique in the market due to their high-quality single layer construction. Tyvek®, in all its specialised versions, is naturally vapour open but also durably wind and water-tight. Lightweight yet robust, it is easy to install and offers long-term, proven reliability. Designed to protect the building envelope against the effects of weather and moisture, this family of membranes also offers optimal air-tightness and can help to improve the thermal performance, energy-efficiency and interior climatic stability. Tyvek® is also designed to work as part of a holistic and optimal system with a range of other proven DuPont products for the building envelope, including the AirGuard® advanced AVCL series, the highly versatile Tyvek® FlexWrap air and water sealing tape, plus other specialised tapes and accessories. All DuPont building products come with the renowned service, expertise and technical back-up of a world-class science company.
About DuPont Safety & Construction
DuPont Safety & Construction is a global leader in delivering innovation for life’s essential needs in water, shelter and safety; enabling its customers to win through unique capabilities, global scale and iconic brands including Corian®, Kevlar®, Nomex®, Tyvek®, GreatStuff™, Styrofoam™ and Filmtec®.
About DuPont
DuPont (NYSE: DD) is a global innovation leader with technology-based materials, ingredients and solutions that help transform industries and everyday life. Our employees apply diverse science and expertise to help customers advance their best ideas and deliver essential innovations in key markets including electronics, transportation, building and construction, health and wellness, food and worker safety. More information can be found at www.dupont.com.
Now the complex needs of the modern building envelope can be met by a product that is both simple to work with and ingenious in managing multiple demands. Adaptable to varying climatic conditions, Tyvek® AirGuard® Smart is a membrane with a difference – developed by the experts in protecting structures against environmental damage while also improving thermal performance.
Wrapping the interior side of the envelope, Tyvek® AirGuard® Smart acts as a highly efficient air and vapour control layer (which easily achieves below Passive house levels of airtightness) but has also been formulated to adapt to rising humidity conditions and so allow any trapped, or unplanned, moisture to escape towards the inside of the building.
Damage in a structure without smart protectionTyvek® AirGuard® Smart AVCL adapts to humidity
This clever variation allows faster evacuation of built-in humidity in new construction elements (e.g. wet rafters). It also means avoiding humidity infiltration from living spaces into the building’s structure, thereby minimising the risk of expensive damage from damp and mould and so operating in the standard function of an AVCL.
With an impressive variable water vapour resistance range of sd value 0.2m for a humid environment (1 MNs/g) to more than sd-value 35m for a dry environment (175 MNs/g), Tyvek® AirGuard® Smart offers advantages from reduced drying out time for constructors to enhanced energy efficiency and comfort for the building owners.
Easy application also allows for continuous installation of the AVCL from the outside, without risking condensation to the upper side of the rafters and, uniquely, the product can be fitted to both flat and pitched roof constructions, with a high resistance underlay.
With all the reliability and great service to be expected of a product under the Tyvek® brand, Tyvek® AirGuard® Smart also comes with clear and detailed installation guidelines and the technical back-up of the Tyvek® BuildingKnowledge Centre.
About DuPont™ Tyvek® & DuPont Building Membranes and Products:
DuPont™ Tyvek® advanced building membranes are unique in the market due to their high-quality single layer construction. Tyvek® breather membranes are naturally vapour open but also durably wind and water-tight. Lightweight yet robust, they are easy to install and offer long-term, proven reliability. Designed to protect the building envelope against the effects of weather and moisture, this family of membranes also offers optimal air-tightness and can help to improve the thermal performance, energy-efficiency and interior climatic stability of a building.
Tyvek® is designed to work as part of a holistic and optimal system with a range of other proven DuPont™ Tyvek® products for the building envelope, including the Tyvek® AirGuard® advanced AVCL series, the highly versatile Tyvek® FlexWrap NF and EZ sealing tapes, plus other specialised membranes, tapes and sealants. All DuPont building products come with the renowned service, expertise and technical back-up of a world-class science company.
For more information about the Tyvek® range of advanced products please visit: www.construction.tyvek.co.uk or call 08444 068 722 (087 922 2740 in ROI)
A new durable watertight solution for below ground structures. A pre-applied membrane that protects against groundwater ingress as well as gases and chemicals.
DualProof is a fully and permanently bonded, composite sheet. It is applied before the steel reinforcement is fixed and the concrete poured. It consists of a sealed two layer highly flexible PVC membrane laminated with a non-woven PP-fleece. DualProof is pre-applied and is installed without heat or open-flame, overlapped and sealed with butyl tape and special adhesive for detailing. The new PP FiberTex Technology gives the DualProof its unique bond and connection to the concrete. The PP-Fleece integrates into the concrete when poured giving a strong mechanical bond once cured.
Areas of use
DualProof can be applied horizontally as well as vertically and is used in all applications where structures require protection against groundwater and seepage. Typically used in the following constructions:
New build basements
Foundations
Tunnels
Garages
All other concrete constructions below ground
Advantages of DualProof
Waterproof, damp proof, gas proof and gives concrete protection against chemicals
Tough and resistant, quick and easy to install, high compound shear strength
Can be installed in every season regardless of temperature and weather condition
No need for complicated welding equipment and specially trained staff, overlapping can be easily secured with Delta Double-sided Tape and detailing around corners with CEM 805 adhesive
Prevents any lateral water migration between the waterproofing membrane and the structural concrete
Seals small cracks in the concrete
Can be used in saltwater conditions
CE marked and DIN certified
Market comparisons
Products on the market
DualProof
Adhesive or chemical bond
• At low temperatures not sticky
• At high temperatures too soft
• Protection sheet needed
• Very slippery when wet
• Bonding surface very sensitive
• Cannot walk directly on surface
Mechanical bond
• Not temperature/weather dependant
• No protection sheet needed
• Does not become slippery when wet
• If dirty it can be hosed and brushed clean
• Foot traffic will not affect the fleece
Mechanical bond products• Complex – 6-8 system components
• Fleece bonded to Polyolefin membrane by grid of adhesive.
• Risk of vapour pressure blisters and water tracking, via capillary action, along fibres at interface with concrete.
The Great Escape – Delta Membranes Basement Tanking Systems
When converting a basement into a home cinema with a military theme for the internal decor, the fact that there is an emergency tunnel attached leading to a World War II air raid shelter, and then out to the garden, only adds to the dramatic atmosphere.
That is exactly what specialist contractor Stuart Barr found itself dealing with at a property in Bedfordshire, and Delta Membrane Systems played a leading role in the story by supplying a wide range of materials and products.
In the original design, the door opening onto the tunnel was to be blocked, and the basement room tanked and refurbished ready for the cinema. However, it was then thought of as an asset to the overall ‘feel’ of what was trying to be achieved, so the tunnel and shelter became an integral part of the project.
The cast list of products supplied by Delta included MS500 – a studded damp proof membrane that can be used on walls, floors and vaulted ceilings. It can support a dry lining, screed or flooring in a wide range of situations.
The membrane is placed dimple-side to the surface, and this allows any moisture to drain by gravity to a channel in the floor, which then runs to a sump and pump device to evacuate the water to the outside.
It is resistant to water and water vapour, and to salt transfer, as well as puncture, impact and loading. The membrane will not be damaged by normal foot traffic during installation, or while laying concrete or screed finish.
Taking a leading role in the project, Delta MS20 is a compression-resistant, durable dimpled sheet made from special high density polyethylene. As its name suggests, this heavy gauge version of Delta MS has deep 20mm studs, and is used where a larger flow rate is required.
Completing the list of membranes supplied by Delta, Delta-PT is a high performance polyethylene membrane which is extruded into a series of studs. These studs create a continuous air gap behind the waterproof membrane.
On the face of the membrane is a welded mesh that allows plasters and renders to bond efficiently to achieve dry and durable finishes.
Delta-PT is watertight, resistant to high a low temperature extremes, and is chemically resistant to acids, alkalis, oil and solvents.
Three sump and pump units have been installed at strategic points in the scheme. The Delta Dual V3 Sump Pump units are packaged pump stations designed to collect ground water via perimeter channels or 110mm pipes and/or clear openings to the top of the chamber.
Specifically designed for below ground applications, the pump stations feature chambers made from HDPE and able to withstand hydrostatic forces encountered in applications with high water tables.
Making a cameo appearance was Köster NB1 Slurry – a watertight mineral surface coating with crystallising agents. Waterproofing layers made from NB1 possess excellent pressure and abrasion resistance, and have been tested in accordance to the potable water guidelines.
At one time, a couple of canoes had been stored in the air raid shelter. There was so much water in the room when it was discovered, that the canoes were floating – which, if nothing else, proved their water tightness.
Not only have the canoes been moved, but so has the water. The expertise of personnel from waterproofing specialist Peter Cox, and the main contractor Stuart Barr, combined with the dependability of the Delta product range, has ensured that cinemagoers in a Bedfordshire basement will be able to enjoy the main feature in a dry, comfortable environment.
DuPont has been a pioneer in fire safety for over 50 years and introduced its Tyvek® FireCurb® breather membrane for buildings in 2013. As regulations catch up post Grenfell – and as most fires begin inside buildings – DuPont has since developed an airtight vapour control layer in its high performance AirGuard® range, to offer similarly advanced, non-toxic, fire-resistance with proven efficacy.
Tyvek® FireCurb® utilises DuPont’s patented self-extinguishing technology. Its halogen-free coating limits the propagation of flames and the formation of droplets, while also minimising smoke. DuPont™ AirGuard® A2 FR is truly fire-retardant and independently rated as Class A2. Along with Tyvek® 2060M Metallised Tape, DuPont now offers a complete A2 classified membrane and sealing system that surpasses existing regulations.
Three sump and pump units have been installed at strategic points in the scheme. The 